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Amniotic membrane is the innermost membrane in human placenta. It supports epithelialization and has the characteristics of anti-fibrosis, anti-inflammation and anti-angiogenesis. It is gradually widely used in ophthalmic surgery and other surgical operations. In recently years, the amniotic membrane has been used more frequently in ophthalmic clinic and has achieved better curative effect. This article reviews the application of amniotic membrane transplantation in ocular diseases such as ocular burn, conjunctival disease, corneal disease, pterygium, glaucoma and macular hole. It is expected that amniotic membrane transplantation will bring new ideas for the treatment of ocular diseases.
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This study aims to explore the mechanism of Qingkailing(QKL) Oral Preparation's heat-clearing, detoxifying, mind-tranquilizing effects based on "component-target-efficacy" network. To be specific, the potential targets of the 23 major components in QKL Oral Preparation were predicted by the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP) and SwissTargetPrediction. The target genes were obtained based on UniProt. OmicsBean and STRING 10 were used for Gene Ontology(GO) term enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment of the targets. Cytoscape 3.8.2 was employed for visualization and construction of "component-target-pathway-pharmacological effect-efficacy" network, followed by molecular docking between the 23 main active components and 15 key targets. Finally, the lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells were adopted to verify the anti-inflammatory effect of six monomer components in QKL Oral Preparation. It was found that the 23 compounds affected 33 key signaling pathways through 236 related targets, such as arachidonic acid metabolism, tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α) signaling pathway, inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels, cAMP signaling pathway, cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, Th17 cell differentiation, interleukin-17(IL-17) signaling pathway, neuroactive ligand-receptor intera-ction, calcium signaling pathway, and GABAergic synapse. They were involved in the anti-inflammation, immune regulation, antipyretic effect, and anti-convulsion of the prescription. The "component-target-pathway-pharmacological effect-efficacy" network of QKL Oral Preparation was constructed. Molecular docking showed that the main active components had high binding affinity to the key targets. In vitro cell experiment indicated that the six components in the prescription(hyodeoxycholic acid, baicalin, chlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid C, epigoitrin, geniposide) can reduce the expression of nitric oxide(NO), TNF-α, and interleukin-6(IL-6) in cell supernatant(P<0.05). Thus, the above six components may be the key pharmacodynamic substances of QKL Oral Preparation. The major components in QKL Oral Prescription, including hyodeoxycholic acid, baicalin, chlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid C, epigoitrin, geniposide, cholic acid, isochlorogenic acid A, and γ-aminobutyric acid, may interfere with multiple biological processes related to inflammation, immune regulation, fever, and convulsion by acting on the key protein targets such as IL-6, TNF, prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2(PTGS2), arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase(ALOX5), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1(VCAM1), nitric oxide synthase 2(NOS2), prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype(PTGER2), gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha(GABRA), gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1(GABBR1), and 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase(ABAT). This study reveals the effective components and mechanism of QKL Oral Prescription.
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Animals , Mice , Chlorogenic Acid , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology , gamma-Aminobutyric Acid , Interleukin-6 , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Molecular Docking Simulation , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/geneticsABSTRACT
ObjectiveUsing multi-omics technology， we conducted the present study to determine whether dexamethasone has therapeutic effect on pneumonia rats through the regulation of intestinal flora and metabolites. MethodsTotally 18 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups （n = 6 each）： Control group， Model group and Dexamethasone （Dex） group. Lipopolysaccharide （LPS） was continuously injected intraperitoneally into rats at a dose of 4 mg/kg for 7 days to induce pneumonia except the Control group. Then the Dex group was given Dex at a dose of 2 mg/kg via oral gavage for 12 days， and both the other two groups received continuously equal volume of sterile PBS buffer for 12 days. On the 19th day， lung， plasma， feces and intestinal contents of rat were collected. Hematoxylin-eosin （H&E） staining and Bio-plex suspension chip system were applied to evaluate the effect of Dex on pneumonia. Furthermore， metagenomic sequencing and UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS technology were employed to determine the intestinal flora and metabolites of rats， respectively. ResultsH&E staining results showed that the lung tissue of the Model group was infiltrated with inflammatory cells， the alveolar septum was increased， alveolar hemorrhage， and histological lesions were less severe in Dex group than in the model group. The levels of 3 inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α （P < 0.000 1）， IL-1α （P = 0.009 6） and IL-6 （P < 0.000 1） in the Model group were increased compared with the Control group， while Dex treatment reduced the levels of the three inflammatory factors. Taken together， Dex treatment effectively reversed the features of pneumonia in rats. Metagenomic analysis revealed that the intestinal flora structure of the three groups of rats was changed. In contrast with the Model group， an increasing level of the Firmicutes and an elevated proportion of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes were observed after Dex treatment. Dex-treated rats possessed notably enrichment of Bifidobacterium， Lachnospiraceae and Lactobacillus. Multivariate statistical analysis showed a great separation between Model group and Dex group， indicating metabolic profile changes. In addition， 69 metabolites （P < 0.05） were screened， including 38 up-regulated in the Model group and 31 elevated in the Dex group， all of which were mainly involved in 3 metabolic pathways： linoleic acid metabolism， tryptophan metabolism and primary bile acid biosynthesis. ConclusionsIn summary， we demonstrate the beneficial effects of Dex on the symptoms of pneumonia. Meanwhile， integrated microbiome-metabolome analysis reveals that Dex improves LPS-induced pneumonia in rats through regulating intestinal flora and host metabolites. This study may provide new insights into the mechanism of Dex treatment of pneumonia in rats.
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Sphingosine kinase (SphK), sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and S1P receptor (S1PR) are involved in the tumor biological processes such as tumor cell proliferation and migration, and play an important role in the development of cancer. In recent years, researchers have increasingly focused on the interaction between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment. The tumor microenvironment is genetically stable and can be induced to an antitumor phenotype, which has significant therapeutic advantages. Studies have shown that SphK/S1P/S1PR can regulate multiple aspects of the tumor microenvironment. This review summarizes the effects of SphK and S1P/S1PR signaling on the tumor microenvironment from four perspectives: tumor immune microenvironment, cancer associated fibroblasts, tumor angiogenesis and tumor hypoxic microenvironment, and also outlines potential drug research related to these signal molecules, aiming to elucidate the role of SphK/S1P/S1PR in tumor occurrence and development and provide new ideas for the research of anti-tumor drugs.
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Objective:To analyze the efficacy of the enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS)approach in endometrial cancer patients treated with surgical staging and its beneficial effects on the oxidative stress response.Methods:Eight-two endometrial cancer patients treated with surgical staging at our hospital between March 2020 and March 2022 were recruited and divided into different groups using a computer-generated random number table, with 41 in the control group who were given routine intervention and 41 in the observation group receiving ERAS.Results:About perioperative performances, the oxidative stress response, inflammatory factor levels and complications were compared between the two groups.Results in the observation group, the intraoperative body surface temperature was higher than in the control group[(36.71±0.22)℃ vs.(36.20±0.21)℃, t=10.737, P=0.000], and the time from the end of surgery to first water intake[(4.41±1.30)h vs.(6.79±1.28)h, t=8.353, P=0.000], to first food intake[(7.86±1.35)h vs.(12.88±2.57)h, t=11.073, P=0.000], to first ambulation[(12.92±3.11)h vs.(24.24±5.06)h, t=12.204, P=0.000], to first flatus[(24.11±4.96)h vs.(35.13±6.20)h, t=8.887, P=0.000], to first bowel movement[(2.67±0.63)d vs.(4.03±1.15)d, t=6.641, P=0.000]and the length of hospitalization[(3.31±1.25)d vs.(5.77±1.59)d, t=7.788, P=0.000]were shorter than in the control group.On the third day after surgery, the levels of malondialdehyde[(77.96±7.62)μmol/L vs.(90.16±7.88)μmol/L, t=7.126, P=0.000], advanced oxidation protein products[(33.16±4.75)μmol/L vs.(43.55±5.37)μmol/L, t=9.280, P=0.000], CAT[(22.59±3.01)U/ml vs.(25.12±3.3)U/ml, t=3.609, P=0.000]and reactive oxygen species[(74.13±5.02)pmol/L vs.(90.33±5.89)pmol/L, t=13.404, P=0.000]in the two groups were higher than those on the day before surgery, but were lower in the observation group than in the control group at the same time points after surgery.On the 3rd day after surgery, the levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, C-reactive protein and interleukin 6 in the two groups were higher than those on the day before surgery, but were lower in the observation group than in the control group at the same points after surgery(all P<0.05). In the observation group, the incidence of complications was 14.63%, lower than 39.02% in the control group( χ2=6.212, P=0.013). Conclusions:The ERAS approach can achieve significant results in endometrial cancer patients treated with surgical staging.It can not only improve perioperative performance, relieve oxidative stress and lower inflammatory factor levels, but also effectively prevent complications.
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Objective:To explore artificial intelligence technology and propose an algorithm for automatic identification of dicentric chromosomes to realize fast and high-throughput biodosimetry. In order to solve the time-consuming and laborious problem of manual analysis of dicentric chromosomes.Methods:Combining artificial intelligence technology and image processing technology, based on MATLAB software, algorithms like image preprocessing, threshold segmentation algorithm, binarization processing, area identification algorithm, convolutional neural network algorithm and double centripetal recognition algorithm were applied. A fuzzy membership function was defined to describe the degree of each chromosome belonging to a dicentric chromosome, and the discrimination threshold was set to realize the automatic identification of dicentric chromosomes.Results:Through the test on 1 471 chromosome images, compared with manual recognition, the detection rate of dicentric chromosomes cells of this algorithm reached 70.7%.Conclusions:This algorithm method carries out a preliminary study on the automatic identification of dicentric chromosomes with good result.
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Objective:To investigate the curative effect of Haikunshenxi capsule combined with losartan potassium tablets on chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its effect on renal function and inflammatory factors.Methods:One hundred patients with chronic kidney disease in Shaoxing Central Hospital from January 2018 to December 2019 were selected and randomly divided into observation group (50 cases) and control group (50 cases). The control group was treated with losartan potassium tablets based on conventional therapy, and the observation group was treated with Haikunshenxi capsulebase on control group. The treatment course of the two groups was 12 weeks. The curative effect, renal function, inflammatory factors, 24h urinary protein (24 h Upro) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were compared between the two groups before and after treatment.Results:The total effective rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group: 90.0%(45/50) vs. 72.0%(36/50), χ2 = 5.26, P<0.05. After treatment, the levels of serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in the two groups were decreased and the levels of Scr and BUN in the observation group were lower than those in the control group: (63.27 ± 2.89) μmol/L vs. (67.89 ± 2.35) μmol/L, (5.23 ± 0.19) mmol/L vs. (5.56 ± 0.16) mmol/L, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) , interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the two groups were decreased and the levels of CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α in the observation group were lower than those in the control group: (2.97 ± 0.34) mg/L vs. (3.58 ± 0.42) mg/L, (3.64 ± 0.68) ng/L vs. (4.97 ± 0.96) ng/L, (14.32 ± 2.17) ng/L vs. (17.86 ± 2.06) ng/L, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). After treatment, the level of 24 h Upro in two groups was decreased, while the level of GFR was increased, and the level of 24 h Upro in the observation group was lower than that in the control group: (0.87 ± 0.09) g vs. (1.15 ± 0.13) g , but the level of GFR in the observation group was higher than that in the control group: (101.73 ± 3.12) ml/(min·m 2) vs. (96.75 ± 2.35) ml/(min·m 2), the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Haikunshenxi capsule combined with losartan potassium tablets has obvious curative effect on patients with chronic kidney disease, and can improve renal function and micro inflammation.
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Objective:To analyze the relationship between free androgen index and insulin function in obese young men aged from 20 to 35.Methods:A total of 82 young obese men in Obesity Clinic from February to October 2019 were enrolled in the study. The subjects were divided into 3 subgroups according to free androgen index level tertiles. The blood glucose and insulin levels were tested after oral glucose tolerance test. Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), homeostasis model assessment for β cell function (HOMA-β), insulin secretion index, and insulin sensitivity index (Matsuda index) were used to evaluate β cell function in oder to analyze the relationship between free androgen index and insulin function.Results:In young obese men, participants with higher free androgen index levels exhibited less waist circumference, lower body mass index, 1 h postprandial insulin, 2 h postprandial insulin, HOMA-IR level but with a higher total testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin, and Matsuda index level (all P<0.05). There was a negative correlation between the free androgen index and the HOMA-IR ( r=-0.386, P=0.016), and the correlation tended to a linear trend after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, and waist circumference ( Ptrend=0.034). Free testosterone was positively correlated with Matsuda index ( r=0.280, P=0.004), but the correlation disappeared after adjustment ( Ptrend=0.623). The results of further regression analysis showed that the level of free testosterone index decreased by 14.1% ( OR=0.869, 95% CI0.767-0.984, P=0.028) for each increase of HOMA-IR after adjustment. Conclusion:The level of free testosterone index is a predictor of insulin resistance in obese young men, but the association between this parameter and insulin sensitivity may be caused by obesity.
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In recent years,microRNAs(miRNAs)have been detected at different stages of follicular development and in different cells of follicles.Extracellular vesicle(EV)-derived miRNAs have also been detected in the follicular fluid of mature follicles.miRNAs participate in the regulation of normal follicular development,and the regulation disorder may lead to the occurrence of some ovarian diseases.In order to further systematically elucidate the regulatory mechanism of miRNAs on follicular development and find suitable EV-derived miRNAs that can predict oocyte development,we reviewed the functions of miRNAs in follicular development from the perspectives of granulosa cell development,oocyte development,and hormone synthesis.
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Female , Humans , Follicular Fluid , Granulosa Cells , MicroRNAs/genetics , Oogenesis , Ovarian FollicleABSTRACT
Objective: To observe the effect of muscle regions of meridians warm needling method plus pricking Jing-Well points for blood-letting in improving nail fold microcirculation in the patients with shoulder-hand syndrome (SHS) after stroke, and the effects on hemorrheology, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and serum substance P (SP). Methods: A total of 72 patients were randomized into an observation group and a control group by the random number table method, with 36 cases in each group. The control group was treated with physical rehabilitation training, and the observation group was treated with additional muscle regions of meridians warm needling method plus pricking Jing-Well points for blood-letting treatment. The treatment course lasted for 4 weeks. After treatment, the clinical efficacy of the two groups was compared. The changes in shoulder-hand syndrome scale (SHSS), simplified Fugl-Meyer assessment-upper extremity (FMA-UE), visual analog scale (VAS), activities of daily living (ADL), traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome score, nail fold microcirculation hemorheology indictors [whole blood viscosity (high-shear, low-shear), hematocrit, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)], CGRP and SP levels were observed. Results: The total effective rate in the observation group was 86.1％, higher than 63.9％ in the control group (P<0.05). The overall curative effect in the observation group was better than that in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the scores of pain sensation, edema, external turn and rotation of the arm in SHSS, and the total score were significantly decreased in both groups (all P<0.05), and each score in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (all P<0.05). After treatment, the scores of VAS and TCM syndrome in both groups decreased significantly (all P<0.05), and the scores of FMA-UE and ADL increased significantly (all P<0.05). The scores of VAS and TCM syndrome in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (both P<0.05), and the scores of FMA-UE and ADL were higher than those in the control group (both P<0.05). After treatment, the whole blood viscosity (high-shear and low-shear) and hematocrit in both groups decreased obviously (all P<0.05), and ESR increased obviously (both P<0.05), and the whole blood viscosity (high-shear and low-shear) and hematocrit in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (all P<0.05), and ESR was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the peritubular state, loop shape, blood flow and total score of nail fold microcirculation in both groups decreased significantly (all P<0.05), and each score in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (all P<0.05). After treatment, SP in both groups decreased obviously (both P<0.05), CGRP increased obviously (both P<0.05), and SP in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05), CGRP was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Compared with conventional physical rehabilitation training, muscle regions of meridians warm needling method plus pricking Jing-Well points for blood-letting treatment can significantly reduce the clinical symptoms of SHS, promote the recovery of physical functions, improve the nail fold microcirculation and hemorrheology indictors, and regulate the serum cytokine levels such as CGRP and SP.
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Objective:To investigate the application value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) combined with thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TI-RADS) classification in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules.Methods:The clinical data of 157 thyroid nodules from 122 participants who underwent conventional ultrasound and CEUS examination from January 2016 to January 2017 in the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, China were collected. The image features were analyzed for conventional ultrasound and TI-RADS classification. According to CEUS results, the thyroid nodules were classified by TI-RADS. Based on pathological results, the efficacy of CEUS combined with TI-RADS classification versus conventional ultrasound combined with TI-RADS classification in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules was investigated. Results:The area under the curve of CEUS combined with TI-RADS classification (AUC = 0.900) was greater than that of conventional ultrasound combined with TI-RADS classification (AUC = 0.808). The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive values of conventional ultrasound combined with TI-RADS classification in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules were 81.6% (80/98), 67.8% (40/59), 76.4% (120/157), 80.8% (80/99), 68.9% (40/58), respectively. They were 98.0% (96/98), 78.0% (34/59), 90.4% (142/157), 88.1% (96/109), 95.8% (46/48), respectively for CEUS combined with TI-RADS classification. The sensitivity of CEUS combined with TI-RADS classification in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules was significantly higher than that of conventional ultrasound combined with TI-RADS classification ( χ2 = 12.50, P < 0.001). Conclusion:CEUS combined with TI-RADS classification is more effective in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules than conventional ultrasound combined with TI-RADS classification.
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OBJECTIVE: To compare the diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) versus ultrasonography (US) in symptomatic patients with dense breasts, while using histology as the gold standard.MATERIALS AND METHODS: After obtaining approval from the local ethics board, this prospective study collected data from patients with symptomatic breasts who underwent CESM and US examinations from May 1, 2017 to September 30, 2017. We then selected those with dense breasts and pathological results as our sample population. Both CESM and US results were classified by a radiologist through the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System, and the results were compared with their corresponding histological results. The chi-square test was conducted to compare the diagnostic performance of CESM and US, and the receiver operating characteristic curves for the two imaging modalities were obtained.RESULTS: A total of 131 lesions from 115 patients with dense breasts were included in this study. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy were 93.8%, 88.1%, 88.2%, 93.7%, and 90.8% for CESM, and 90.6%, 82.1%, 82.9%, 90.2%, and 86.3% for US, respectively. The p values for sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy were 0.687, 0.388, 0.370, 0.702, and 0.238, respectively. The area under the curve of CESM (0.917) was comparable with that of US (0.884); however, the differences between CESM and US were not statistically significant (p = 0.225). Eight false-positive cases and 4 false-negative cases for breast cancer were found in CESM, while 12 false-positive cases and 6 false-negative cases were found in US.CONCLUSION: The diagnostic performances of CESM and US are comparable in symptomatic women with dense breasts; however, the routine use of additional US imaging is questionable for lesions that can be detected by CESM.
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Objective@#To investigate the effect of fractionated radiotherapy on the immune system of mice with subcutaneously transplanted hepatocellular carcinoma.@*Methods@#Logarithmic growth of mouse hepatocellular carcinoma cells Hepa 1-6 were inoculated subcutaneously on the right side of C57BL/6 J mice (1×107 cells /mice). The tumor-bearing mice were randomly divided into control group (Ctrl) and irradiation group (IR), 20 mice in each group. Additionally, 10 healthy mice were set as normal control group. Local fractionated X-ray irradiation of 8 Gy×3 fraction was given to the subcutaneous tumors, and the dose rate was 0.883 Gy/min. At 7 and 14 d after irradiation, the tumor organ index, spleen organ index, spleen pathological changes, and splenic T lymphocyte subsets, B lymphocyte subsets, and NK cells were detected.@*Results@#Compared with Ctrl, at 7 and 14 d after irradiation, the tumor organ index decreased (t=4.649, 26.34, P<0.05), and the percentage of NK cells increased significantly (t=3.952, 3.633, P<0.05). The percentages of CD3+ , CD4+ , CD3+ CD4+ lymphocytes and the ratio of CD4+ /CD8+ lymphocyte decreased at 7 d after irradiation (t=3.193, 3.656, 3.219, 2.641, P<0.05), and the percentage of CD3+ lymphocyte decreased at 14 d after irradiation (t=3.031, P<0.05). But after irradiation, there were no significant changes in spleen organ index, B lymphocyte, CD3+ CD4+ lymphocyte and CD8+ lymphocyte.@*Conclusions@#Local hepatoma radiotherapy causes imbalance of lymphocytes in distal spleen of mice and hence reduces immunity, which provides a novel mechanism of radiological immunity damage.
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OBJECTIVE@#To explore the cause for the failure of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) and feasibility of repeated testing.@*METHODS@#Clinical data, test results and pregnancy outcomes of 40 311 pregnant women who received NIPT test from January 2011 to December 2018 were reviewed.@*RESULTS@#Among all the pregnant women, 1116 cases failed in the first test, 9 cases (0.81%) had fetal free DNA concentration lower than 4%, 663 cases (59.41%) were retested after the establishment of Z value gray area, and the remainder 444 cases (39.78%) needed to be retested after the blood collection due to the fetal free DNA concentration lower than 4%. After retesting, 1069 cases (95.78%) obtained effective NIPT results. The results showed that 53 cases were at high risk (6 cases for trisomy 21, 6 cases for trisomy 18, 13 cases for trisomy 13, 16 cases for sex chromosomal abnormality, 12 cases for chromosomal copy number variation). Forty-eight cases were selected for invasive prenatal diagnosis, and 2 cases of 47, XXY and 2 CNV were confirmed. A total of 47 cases (0.12%) did not obtain results because the concentration of fetal free DNA was lower than 4%. Only 16 cases (34%) chose invasive prenatal diagnosis.@*CONCLUSION@#Repeated detection of the gray area of Z value can reduce the false positive rate of NIPT and invasive prenatal diagnosis, and the feasibility of repeated detection is high. In the case of fetal free DNA concentration lower than 4%, the success rate of obtaining effective NIPT results by re-sampling and re-detection increases with the increase of gestational age, but may delay the diagnosis for fetal aneuploidies. Therefore, personalized estimation should be made according to gestational age and clinical indications. It is suggested that pregnant women should choose invasive prenatal diagnosis when they have failed in the retest.
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Objective To investigate the effect of fractionated radiotherapy on the immune system of mice with subcutaneously transplanted hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods Logarithmic growth of mouse hepatocellular carcinoma cells Hepa 1-6 were inoculated subcutaneously on the right side of C57BL/6 J mice (1×107 cells/mice).The tumor-bearing mice were randomly divided into control group (Ctrl) and irradiation group (IR),20 mice in each group.Additionally,10 healthy mice were set as normal control group.Local fractionated X-ray irradiation of 8 Gy×3 fraction was given to the subcutaneous tumors,and the dose rate was 0.883 Gy/min.At 7 and 14 d after irradiation,the tumor organ index,spleen organ index,spleen pathological changes,and splenic T lymphocyte subsets,B lymphocyte subsets,and NK cells were detected.Results Compared with Ctrl,at 7 and 14 d after irradiation,the tumor organ index decreased (t =4.649,26.34,P＜0.05),and the percentage of NK cells increased significantly (t =3.952,3.633,P＜0.05).The percentages of CD3+,CD4+,CD3+CD4+ lymphocytes and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ lymphocyte decreased at 7 d after irradiation (t=3.193,3.656,3.219,2.641,P＜0.05),and the percentage of CD3+lymphocyte decreased at 14 d after irradiation (t =3.031,P＜0.05).But after irradiation,there were no significant changes in spleen organ index,B lymphocyte,CD3 + CD4+ lymphocyte and CD8 + lymphocyte.Conclusions Local hepatoma radiotherapy causes imbalance of lymphocytes in distal spleen of mice and hence reduces immunity,which provides a novel mechanism of radiological immunity damage.
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OBJECTIVE：To pro vide suggestions for imp roving the quality of ethical review of drug clinical trials in China and protecting the rights and interests of subjects. METHODS ：Guided by risk management theory ，the literature research method ， expert opinion method and analytic hierarchy process method were used to sort out the ethical review process of drug clinical trials ， extract and determine the risk factors that affect the quality of ethical review ，and determine the weight of each risk factor. Suggestions were put forward improving the ethical review of drug clinical trials in China. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS ： Established ethical review risk index system of drug clinical trials included 31 influential factors of 5 aspects；the order of importance（weights）of 5 aspects affecting the quality of ethical review of drug clinical trials was as follows ：the construction of the medical ethics committee （0.263 5），the management of review meetings （0.251 4），follow-up review （0.194 5），the acceptance and processing of review applications （0.189 2），and the management of documents and files （0.101 4）. The influential factors with high weight included “withdrawal of people with conflict of interest in the discussion and voting process （0.078 7）” “timely review or conference discussion of scheme modification ，informed consent modification ，serious adverse events ，etc. （0.070 5）”“clarification and external exhibition of the work process and time of ethical review （0.059 8）”“unified and standardized review standards and approval standards （0.052 1）”，etc. The quality of ethical review can be improved by avoiding people with conflict of interest in the discussion and voting process ，timely reviewing or holding ethics meetings on scheme modification ， informed consent modification ，serious adverse events ，etc.，clarifying the working process and time of ethical review ，and establishing unified and standardized review standards and approval standards.
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Injury of vascular endothelial barrier function is implicated in several pathophysiological processes. The integrity of vascular endothelium is regulated by cytoskeleton and cell-cell junctions. Small guanosine triphosphatases of the Rho family (Rho GTPases) are known to play a central role in vascular endothelial barrier function. It has been reported that RhoA, Rac1, Cdc42 and RhoB are involved and they exert both positive and negative effect on endothelial barrier integrity, depending on their subcellular location. When inflammatory factors such as thrombin attack the vascular endothelial cells, GEF of RhoA will be widely distributed throughout the cells. Thus, activated RhoA causes aggregation of F-actin fibers in a short time and disrupts the vascular endothelial barrier, a process named acute cell contraction. However, RhoA may also induce the production and maturation of intercellular junctions in new cells. Rac1 and Cdc42 help to maintain the integrity of vascular endothelial barrier at the resting state. They cause the phosphorylation of LIM kinase and inhabitation of cofilin, resulting in less remodeling of cytoskeletal in the vascular endothelial cells. On the other hand, Cdc42 can translocate to the cortex rapidly after a stimulation, where Cdc42 will activate the myosin Ⅱ and promote the reorganization of adjective junction to facilitate the recovery of vascular endothelial barrier. In this review, we overviewed how Rho GTPases regulate the vascular endothelial barrier integrity.
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Objective@#To investigate the effect of early bile regurgitation via gastric tube on gastrointestinal function in patients undergoing laparoscopic choledochotomy.@*Methods@#A total of 98 patients who underwent laparoscopic biliary tract surgery were selected treated in our hospital from August 2015 to August 2017, according to random number table method, all of the patients were randomly divided into two groups, the control group and the test group. The two groups of patients were given routine nursing intervention, the experimental group received early bile regurgitation via gastric tube. The incidence rate of postoperative abdominal distension and gastrointestinal function recovery were compared between two groups.@*Results@#After treatment, there were 10 cases of abdominal distention in the test group and 21 cases in the control group. The abdominal distention rate in the test group was 20.41%(10/49), which was significantly lower than that in the control group 42.86%(21/49) (χ2=5.934, P < 0.05). After treatment, the anal exhaust time and bowel sound recovery time in the test group were (33.01±8.29) h and (17.53±3.92) h, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group (43.22±11.02) h and (23.94±7.02) h, respectively. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant. (t = 4.859, 5.823, P < 0.05).@*Conclusions@#Early bile regurgitation through gastric tube can effectively reduce the incidence of postoperative abdominal distension and promote the recovery of gastrointestinal function in patients with laparoscopic choledochotomy. It is worthy of being popularized in clinical practice.
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Objective To explore the working mode of continuous malaria elimination. Methods Judong Village in Congjiang County, Guizhou Province, which had the highest record of malaria incidence in the history of Guizhou Province, was selected as a pilot, a comprehensive prevention and control intervention was carried out aiming at the malaria epidemic, transmission and influencing factors, and the effect was evaluated after the intervention. Results From 2015 to 2016, through those intensive measures of constructing system, improving environment and health education, the people’s awareness of malaria prevention was increased, the people’s enthusiasm and initiatives to participate in the prevention and control of malaria were improved in Judong Village. Meanwhile, the roads were hardened and beautified, the dispose of sewage, feces and garbage was centralized. The awareness rate of malaria prevention knowledge of residents increased to 85% to 95%, and the formation rate of anti-mosquito behavior increased to 89.66%. The density of media Anopheles reduced from 0.56 to 0.07 mosquitoes per hour each mosquito catching platform. Conclusion A long-term mechanism for malaria prevention and control has been almost constructed in Judong Village, which facilitates the consolidation of malaria control achievements, and the progress towards malaria elimination.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the working mode of continuous malaria elimination. Methods Judong Village in Congjiang County, Guizhou Province, which had the highest record of malaria incidence in the history of Guizhou Province, was selected as a pilot, a comprehensive prevention and control intervention was carried out aiming at the malaria epidemic, transmission and influencing factors, and the effect was evaluated after the intervention. Results From 2015 to 2016, through those intensive measures of constructing system, improving environment and health education, the people’s awareness of malaria prevention was increased, the people’s enthusiasm and initiatives to participate in the prevention and control of malaria were improved in Judong Village. Meanwhile, the roads were hardened and beautified, the dispose of sewage, feces and garbage was centralized. The awareness rate of malaria prevention knowledge of residents increased to 85% to 95%, and the formation rate of anti-mosquito behavior increased to 89.66%. The density of media Anopheles reduced from 0.56 to 0.07 mosquitoes per hour each mosquito catching platform. Conclusion A long-term mechanism for malaria prevention and control has been almost constructed in Judong Village, which facilitates the consolidation of malaria control achievements, and the progress towards malaria elimination.